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光镜和电镜观察显示团头鲂脑垂体的神经垂体主要由神经分泌纤维、脑垂体细胞和微血管构成；腺垂体由促肾上腺皮质激素分泌细胞和催乳素分泌细胞组成的前腺垂体，由促性腺激素分泌细胞、促生长激素分泌细胞和促甲状腺素分泌细胞组成的中腺垂体，以及由后腺垂体分泌细胞组成的后腺垂体构成。促性腺激素分泌细胞（组成细胞）只有一种类型，但在不同的时期表现出不同的超微结构特征。在人工催产过程中该细胞也呈现出明显的超微结构变化。
Light and electron microscopy showed that the pituitary gland pituitary nerve pituitary mainly by the nerve fibers, pituitary cells and capillaries constitute; pituitary gland by adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting cells and prolactin secreting cells of the anterior pituitary gland by the gonadal Hormone secreting cells, somatotropin-secreting cells and thyroid-stimulating hormone secreting cells, and the posterior pituitary gland consisting of posterior pituitary secreting cells. Gonadotropin-secreting cells (constitutive cells) have only one type but show different ultrastructural features at different times. The cells also showed significant ultrastructural changes during artificial labor.