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了解土壤的理化特性和对土壤测定值与作物产量进行相关性研究的传统土壤测定系统,在肥料的经济利用方面已起了显著作用。表示养分有效性的土壤测定参数随作物产量的增加而减小;pH、土壤耕性和理化特性等基本土壤肥力参数,则随产量的增加而增大。在以保持作物高产为目的的集约栽培系统中,除要探明营养元素吸收率及在植物体内运转、分配和代谢外,还需进一步了解保持有效养分平衡的动力学,在土壤中(特别是根吸收区)的移动速率、单位时间(年)来自土壤和其它来源的有效养分数量及达到一定产量目标,作物对各种营养元素的总需要量等等。随着产量的增加,则更要注意通过良好的耕作、植保和有效的施肥措施,保证作物的健壮生长。本文着重介绍了茶树集约栽培系统中进行的典型分析。
Understanding the physical and chemical properties of soils and the traditional soil determination system that studies the correlation between soil measurements and crop yields has played a significant role in the economic use of fertilizers. The parameters of soil determination, which indicated the availability of nutrients, decreased with the increase of crop yield. The basic soil fertility parameters such as pH, soil tillage and physicochemical properties increased with the increase of yield. In an intensive cultivation system aimed at maintaining high crop yields, in addition to identifying nutrient uptake rates and their functioning, distribution and metabolism in plants, there is a need to learn more about the kinetics of maintaining effective nutrient balance in soils (especially Root absorption zone), the amount of available nutrients from soils and other sources per unit of time (year), and the target of reaching a certain yield, the total crop demand for various nutrients, and so forth. With the increase of production, more attention should be paid to ensure the robust growth of crops through good cultivation, plant protection and effective fertilization measures. This article highlights the typical analysis carried out in the intensive cultivation system of tea trees.