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药用真菌桑黄具有明显的抗肿瘤、抗氧化、增强免疫等药理活性,但研究者对其基源还没有达成共识,多种Phellinus属真菌被当作桑黄入药使用。采用rDNA ITS序列分析技术,对桑黄真菌进行分子鉴定及遗传多样性分析。通过rDNA ITS序列分析,成功鉴定出一份混淆样品(Phellinus spp-04),并将中国主要使用的桑黄真菌明确鉴定为P.baumii和P.linteus两种,未检测到P.igniarius的使用。依据rDNA ITS序列计算遗传距离并构建系统发育树,结果表明3种主要桑黄真菌存在明显的遗传分化,在系统发育树中明确聚为3个独立菌种类群。在3种桑黄真菌rDNA ITS序列中,存在颠换、转换及插入/缺失3种类型的变异位点,分别在P.linteus、P.baumii和P.igniarius中鉴定出9、9、8种rDNA ITS单倍型序列,不同单倍型菌种间遗传分歧度变化表现出明显的物种差异性。
The medicinal fungus Phellinus linteus has obvious pharmacological activity such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation and immune enhancement. However, researchers have not reached a consensus on its base source. Many Phellinus species are used as the Phellinus linteus. Using rDNA ITS sequence analysis technology, the molecular identification of Phellinus igniarius and genetic diversity analysis. A confluent sample (Phellinus spp-04) was successfully identified by rDNA ITS sequence analysis and Phellinus igniarius was identified as P.baumii and P.linteus, both of which are mainly used in China, and the use of P.igniarius was not detected . Based on the rDNA ITS sequences, genetic distances were calculated and phylogenetic trees were constructed. The results showed that there were obvious genetic differentiation among the three major fungi, and three distinct fungal species were clustered in phylogenetic tree. Among the three species of Phellinus igniarius rDNA ITS sequences, there were three types of translocation, transversion and insertion / deletion variation sites, and 9, 9, 8 species were identified in P.linteus, P.baumii and P.igniarius rDNA ITS haplotype sequence, different haplotypes genetic divergence showed significant species diversity.