介绍了可生物降解液压油概念,它的组成包括基础油和添加剂。可生物降解液压油主要研究方向集中在筛选和开发新基础油方面,添加剂的研究还处于起步阶段。文中详细总结了以植物油、改进植物油、合成酯、聚醇醚、聚甲基烯烃及其多种混合物作为基础油的可生物降解液压油研究进展。研制开发性能好、成本低的可生物降解基础油与可生物降解添加剂是今后的发展趋势。 The concept of biodegradable hydraulic fluids is introduced and consists of base oils and additives. The main research direction of biodegradable hydraulic oil focuses on the screening and development of new base oils, and the research on additives is still in its infancy. In this paper, the research progress of biodegradable hydraulic fluids based on vegetable oils, improved vegetable oils, synthetic esters, polyether ethers, polymethyl olefins and various mixtures thereof is summarized. Research and development of good performance, low cost biodegradable base oil and biodegradable additives is the future trend.