下引文件,说明穆罕默德创立伊斯兰教时的情况以及阿拉伯人对征服地的措施。文件Ⅰ和Ⅱ记述穆罕默德早期传教的活动。文件Ⅰ指出:穆罕默德经过三年秘密传教之后,才公布他是阿拉所派的先知。他的公开传教引起了麦加的科里希特贵族的反对。他们起初想以财富和权力为饵,诱他放弃他的主张,继而他们要求他做出“奇迹”来证明他确是受阿拉所委派的。在辩论中,贵族代表所提出的问题虽然幼稚天真,但是可以反映出穆罕默德和科里希特贵族间的矛盾,也表明了穆罕默德所以出奔到麦地那的原因。文件Ⅱ描述穆罕默德进军麦加的经过。穆罕默德在麦地那的传教,发展很快,获得了各 The following quotation documents Muhammad’s creation of Islam and how the Arabs conquered the area. Documents I and II describe Muhammad’s early missionary activities. Document I states: After three years of secret missionary instruction, Muhammad announced that he was a Prophet sent by Allah. His open ministry caused the opposition of the Corichim nobility in Mecca. At first they wanted to lure him out of wealth and power and induce him to renounce his claim. They then asked him to make a “miracle” to prove that he was indeed appointed by Allah. During the debate, although the questions raised by the aristocratic representatives were naive, they reflected the contradictions between Muhammad and Corichim aristocrats and the reasons why Muhammad drove to Medina. Document II describes Muhammad’s move to Mecca. The preaching of Muhammad in Medina grew rapidly and gained