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世界最富裕国家的公民已经开始认识到其经济体以创新为基础。但200多年来创新一直是世界发达经济体的一部分。实际上,在工业革命前的数千年内,收入是停滞不长的。在工业革命之后,人均收入激增,其逐年增长的势头仅仅间或为周期性波动所中断。诺贝尔经济学奖获得者罗伯特·索罗在大约60年前就已指出,收入的增长大体上不应当归结为资本的积累,而是由于技术的进步——即学会如何把事情做得更好。虽然有些生产率的提高反映了重大发现的影响,但大部分则是由于微小的渐进变革。
Citizens of the richest countries in the world have come to recognize that their economies are based on innovation. But innovation has been part of the world’s advanced economy for over 200 years. In fact, income was stagnant for thousands of years before the industrial revolution. After the industrial revolution, the per capita income surged, and the momentum of its annual growth was merely interrupted or interrupted by cyclical fluctuations. About 60 years ago, Roberto Solo, Nobel laureate in economics, pointed out that income growth should largely not be attributed to capital accumulation, but rather to technological progress - learning how to do things better . While some increases in productivity reflect the impact of major findings, most are due to minor incremental changes.