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目的研究就业心理指导对军医大学地方生心理健康的影响。方法按职业认知、就业心态调整、自荐书和面试技巧4个专题,采用讲座、讨论、角色扮演、现场模拟等形式对192名军医大学地方生进行为期1个月的就业心理指导。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应付方式问卷(CSQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)于训练前后对地方生进行团体心理测评,进行训练前后总体和分层配对t检验。结果1就业心理指导后,地方生SCL-90躯体化、敌对性得分显著下降(P<0.05),强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、总均分和阳性项目数得分非常显著地下降(P<0.01)。分层分析显示,专科生心理指导后SCL-90恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子得分显著下降(P<0.05),其余因子得分非常显著地下降(P<0.01);本科生心理指导前后SCL-90各因子得分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2地方生心理指导前后CSQ各因子得分无显著差异(P>0.05)。分层分析显示,专科生心理指导前后CSQ各因子得分均无显著差异(P>0.05);本科生心理指导后解决问题因子得分显著提高(P<0.05),自责因子得分显著下降(P<0.05);3就业心理指导后,地方生SSRS支持总分非常显著地升高(P<0.01),主观支持和支持利用得分显著提高(P<0.05)。分层分析显示,专科生心理指导后SSRS支持总分和支持利用得分非常显著地升高(P<0.01),主观支持得分显著提高(P<0.05);本科生心理指导前后SSRS各因子得分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论就业心理指导提高军医大学地方生的心理健康水平,改善其社会支持和应对方式。就业心理指导对本科生和专科生作用不同。
Objective To study the influence of employment psychological guidance on mental health of local students in Military Medical University. Methods According to the four topics of occupational cognition, adjustment of employment mentality, self-recommendation books and interview techniques, a one-month employment psychological guidance was given to 192 local students of military medical universities in the form of lectures, discussions, role plays and on-site simulations. The SCL-90, CSQ and SSRS were used to assess the psychological status of local students before and after training, and the overall and stratified paired t tests were conducted before and after training. Results 1 After psychological counseling, local somatic SCL-90 somatization and hostility scores decreased significantly (P <0.05), forced, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, total score and positive items decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Stratified analysis showed that SCL-90 scores of SCL-90 horror, paranoid and psychotic factors decreased significantly (P <0.05) and scores of other factors decreased significantly (P <0.01) after undergraduates psychological guidance; SCL-90 There was no significant difference between each factor (P> 0.05). There were no significant differences in scores of CSQ before and after psychological counseling (P> 0.05). Stratified analysis showed that there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the scores of CSQ before and after psychological guidance of undergraduates (P <0.05), and scores of problem factors were significantly improved after undergraduates psychological guidance (P <0.05) 0.05) .3 After the employment psychological guidance, the total score of local SSRS support was significantly increased (P <0.01), and the score of subjective support and supportive use was significantly increased (P <0.05). Stratified analysis showed that SSRS support scores and support utilization scores increased significantly (P <0.01) and subjective support scores (P <0.05) after undergraduates psychology guidance. The SSRS scores of undergraduates No significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusion Employment psychological guidance to improve the level of mental health of local university students to improve their social support and coping styles. Employment psychological guidance for undergraduate and junior college students have different roles.