目的观察亚慢性吸入染毒乙苯对大鼠肾组织的氧化应激损伤和细胞凋亡的影响。方法将40只健康3周龄SPF级Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠随机分为4组,分别为对照(新鲜空气)组和低(433.5 mg/m3)、中(4 335 mg/m3)和高(6 500mg/m3)剂量乙苯染毒组,每组10只。大鼠以笼养方式放入HOPE-MED 8050A型动式染毒柜内,采用吸入方式进行染毒,每天6 h,每周5 d,连续染毒13周。检测肾组织还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及细胞凋亡情况,并进行病理学观察。结果与对照组相比,各剂量组大鼠肾组织MDA含量和细胞凋亡率均升高,中、高剂量乙苯染毒组大鼠肾组织GSH含量均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。且随着乙苯染毒剂量的升高,大鼠肾组织MDA含量和细胞凋亡率呈上升趋势,GSH含量呈下降趋势。乙苯染毒大鼠肾组织出现肾小管水样变性、肾小管上皮细胞肿胀、坏死等病理变化;肾小管上皮细胞呈现染色体浓缩、核碎片等凋亡形态学特征。结论亚慢性吸入染毒乙苯可诱导大鼠肾组织化应激损伤及细胞凋亡。 Objective To observe the effects of subchronic inhalation of ethylbenzene on oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in rat kidney. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley male Sprague-Dawley rats of 3 weeks old were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (fresh air) group and low (433.5 mg / m3), medium (4 335 mg / m3) 6 500mg / m3) dose ethylbenzene exposure group, 10 rats in each group. The rats were housed in a HOPE-MED 8050A type dynamic cabinet and were exposed by inhalation for 6 hours a day for 5 days a week for 13 weeks. The content of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissue and the apoptosis of the cells were detected and the pathological changes were observed. Results Compared with the control group, the content of MDA and the apoptosis rate of renal tissue of rats in each dose group were increased, and the content of GSH in renal tissue of medium and high dose ethylbenzene-treated rats was decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). And with the increase of ethylbenzene dose, the content of MDA and the rate of apoptosis in rat kidney increased, while the content of GSH decreased. Renal tissues of ethylbenzene-exposed rats showed pathological changes of tubular degeneration and tubule epithelial cell swelling and necrosis. Renal tubular epithelial cells showed morphological features of chromosome condensation and nuclear debris. Conclusion Subchronic inhalation of ethylbenzene can induce renal tissue injury and apoptosis in rats.