肝实质的大细胞性和小细胞性改变都曾被认为与肝细胞癌 (HCC)发生有关 ,但近年来的研究表明 ,只有后一种情况才可能是一种癌前形态学表型。利用多种动物进行的致癌性试验显示 ,变异肝细胞病灶是肝细胞腺瘤和HCC的前期病变 ;最近的观察表明 ,这种局灶性病变也存在于人病变肝组织中 ,并可通过变异肝细胞结节和 /或小细胞性改变进展为HCC。巨大再生结节 (腺瘤样增生 )是肝硬变组织中的一种较少见病变 ,依据是否伴有小细胞性改变可分为不典型和普通型两种 ;前者与HCC形成有关 ,而后者与其他再生结节相似 ,不属于癌前病变。利用肝组织活检发现各种肿瘤前期病变 ,可作为监测HCC高危人群的一种重要手段。 Macrophages and small cell changes in the liver parenchyma have been considered associated with the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but recent studies have shown that only the latter case may be a precancerous phenotype. Carcinogenicity tests using a variety of animals show that mutated hepatocellular lesions are precancerous lesions of hepatocellular adenomas and HCCs; recent observations have shown that this focal lesion also exists in human diseased liver tissue and can be identified by mutation Hepatocellular nodules and / or small cell changes progress to HCC. Huge regenerative nodules (adenoid hyperplasia) is a rare lesion in cirrhosis, according to whether there are small cell changes can be divided into atypical and common type; the former is related to the formation of HCC, and then Similar to other regenerative nodules, does not belong to precancerous lesions. The use of liver biopsy to detect a variety of precancerous lesions can be used as an important tool for monitoring HCC at high risk.