论文部分内容阅读
继1989年“埃克森·瓦尔德斯号”在阿拉斯加漏油之后,政府收集了有关这次事故环境影响的环境数据。这主要是作为自然资源受损评价的一部分来进行的,即美国法律中规定的一些方面,它将信息收集限于满足那些法定要求的特定研究。这种受损评价法的目的是确定对自然资源损害的程度,以便能获得生物恢复;它既未设想也未打算研究广义上的漏油影响。后者的研究有其他项目和资金来源支持。但依照我们的看法,当对“埃克森·瓦尔德斯号”漏油进行受损评价时,产生了两个主要问题。第一,环境数据收集方面所存在的程序性障碍,严重损害了州和联邦政府证明自然资源受损的能力。第二,当人们普遍认识到作为自然资源受损评价的组成部分,什么样的研究要进行、什么样的研究不要进行时,许多宝贵的研究机会要么已丧失,要么因缺乏预备资金而被削减。我们提出解决这些问题的办法,其中包括:更好地了解有关受损评价过程的目的和局限性;减少对生态本底资料的依赖;作为受损评价的目的,以缓解来代替恢复。
Following the 1989 oil spill in Exxon Valdez in Alaska, the government collected environmental data on the environmental impact of the accident. This is done primarily as part of a natural resource impairment assessment, some aspects of the law in the United States that limit the collection of information to specific studies that satisfy those statutory requirements. The purpose of this compromised assessment is to determine the extent of the damage to natural resources so that biological recovery can be achieved; it neither contemplates nor intends to study the effects of oil spills in a broad sense. The latter study is supported by other projects and funding sources. However, in our opinion, two major problems arose when a damage assessment of Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred. First, the procedural obstacles in the collection of environmental data have seriously damaged the ability of states and the federal government to prove natural resource damage. Second, when it is widely recognized as part of a natural resource impairment assessment, what kind of research is going on and what kind of research is not going on, many valuable research opportunities have either been lost or cut down due to a lack of preparedness . We propose ways to address these issues, including: better understanding of the purpose and limitations of the damaged evaluation process; reducing reliance on ecological background information; and as a purpose of compromised evaluation, mitigation instead of recovery.