管理成本太高,人民不堪负重,是我国政治体制的一个大问题。对于这个问题,从国家领导人到学术舆论界,都给予了极大的关注。但是,至今人们的思路仍多停留在制度革新的层面上,极少从思想观念的深部去进行剖释。所以,开出的许多药方多为治标之法,而非治本之策。本文试图从这方面提出一些问题,以求教于各路方家。土改的时候,为了提高农民的阶级觉悟,曾进行了一场很有成效的“谁养活谁”的教育。今天,为了动员千百万人民群众投身于国家政治体制改革,有必要再来一次“谁养活谁”的教育:是人民养活政府,还是政府养活人民? The management cost is too high and the people are overwhelmed, which is a big problem in our country’s political system. For this issue, great attention has been paid from the state leaders to the academic media. However, up to now, people’s thinking still stays on the aspect of institutional innovation, and seldom analyzes from the deep of the ideology. Therefore, many of the prescriptions issued mostly for the rule of law, not a permanent cure. This article attempts to put forward some questions in this regard, in order to teach in all directions Fangjia. In the land reform, in order to raise the class consciousness of the peasants, we have conducted a very effective education on who supports who. Today, in order to mobilize tens of millions of people to devote themselves to the reform of the political system in the country, it is necessary to re-educate the people who support the people: do the people support the government or the government to support the people?