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本文对科斯所秉持的基于“理论假设现实性”的经济学研究方法进行了较为系统的讨论,分析了这种研究方法的一般特征。本文发现这种研究方法与逻辑演绎研究方法的区别主要有以下三个方面:一是现实性理论假设的确立和以之为基础的理论命题提出是有机的整体;它以研究对象实际运行制度的调查为基础。二是以理论假设现实性为基础所提出的理论命题是可以被事实验证的;理论命题的获得是反复证伪的过程。三是它要求对研究对象运行的具体制度安排进行考察;这决定了研究方法和理论假设的独特性而非一般化,特定的研究方法内生于具体的研究对象,两者之间具有内在的一致性。最后本文还指出了这种研究方法的历史传承和对未来经济学发展的意义。
In this paper, we discuss systematically the economic research methodology that Coase holds based on the theory of reality hypothesis, and analyze the general characteristics of this research method. This paper finds that there are three main differences between this research method and the logical deduction research method: First, the establishment of realistic theory hypothesis and the theoretical proposition based on it are proposed as organic whole; Based on the investigation. Second, the theoretical propositions based on the reality of theoretical hypotheses can be verified by facts. The acquisition of theoretical propositions is a process of repeated falsification. Thirdly, it requires the investigation of the specific institutional arrangements for the operation of the research object; this determines the uniqueness of the research methods and theoretical assumptions rather than the generalization. The particular research method is endogenous to a specific research object and has an intrinsic consistency. Finally, this article also points out the historical inheritance of this research method and its significance to the future development of economics.