心理学上,有一个术语叫“强化”,指对某种自发反应所给予的报酬和惩罚作用。对人或动物的某种行为,给予肯定和奖赏,使之巩固、保持,叫“正强化”;给予否定和惩罚,使之减弱、消退,叫“负强化”。赏罚是调动人们积极性,维护组织纪律性的重要方式。古代兵书《六韬》中说:“尊爵重赏者,所以劝用命也;严刑重罚者,所以进罢怠也。”任何组织都需要严明的纪律,没有纪律,就会成为一盘散沙。恩格斯在《反杜林论》中曾引用过拿破仑的一段话:骑术不精但有纪律的法国骑兵,与当时最善格斗却没有纪律的马木留克兵作战,“两个马木留克 Psychology, there is a term called “fortification”, refers to a spontaneous response given by the reward and punishment. Affirming and rewarding certain behaviors of people or animals so as to consolidate and maintain them and call them “positive reinforcement.” Negating and punishing them so that they are weakened and dissipated is called “negative reinforcement.” Reward and punishment is to mobilize people’s enthusiasm and maintain organizational discipline important way. Ancient martial art “Six Tao” said: “Monarch rewarded, so advised to use life also; severely punished those who punish.” Any organization needs strict discipline, without discipline, it will become a mess. Engels quoted Napoleon in Anti-Duhring as saying that the errant and disciplined French cavalry fought against the most beaten and unmanaged Mamluk soldiers of the time. "Two Mamluks