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目的 通过加强综合防尘措施达到控制病因来预防尘肺 ,探讨我国消除尘肺的可能性。方法 采用尘肺流行病学调查方法 ,评价浙江省东风萤石矿采取综合防尘措施预防尘肺的效果 ;用前瞻性追踪调查 ,验证通过降低生产环境的粉尘浓度消除尘肺的可行性。结果 对东风萤石矿历经 35年 (196 2～ 1996年 )的动态观察和前瞻性 30年追踪调查的结果表明 ,开展综合防尘后 ,工人作业环境的平均粉尘浓度和时间加权平均粉尘浓度分别由防尘前的 36 6 .0、16 3.4mg/m3 下降至 1.2、1.3mg/m3 ,其下降率分别为 99.7%和 92 .1%。尘肺的病因———生产性粉尘被控制后 ,尘肺发病率、患病率、死亡率分别由防尘前的 2 4.8%、85 .5 %、5 .9%下降为 0。结论 通过 30年前瞻性追踪调查验证 ,东风萤石矿无 1例尘肺发生 ,达到了消除尘肺的目的。
Objective To prevent pneumoconiosis by strengthening comprehensive dust control measures to control the etiology, and to explore the possibility of eliminating pneumoconiosis in our country. Methods The pneumoconiosis investigation method was used to evaluate the effect of comprehensive dust prevention measures on prevention of pneumoconiosis in Dongfeng fluorite mine in Zhejiang Province. The prospective follow-up investigation was conducted to verify the feasibility of eliminating pneumoconiosis by reducing the dust concentration in the production environment. Results The dynamic observation and prospective 30-year follow-up survey of Dongfeng fluorite mine after 35 years (196 2 ~ 1996) showed that the average dust concentration and the time-weighted average dust concentration of workers’ working environment were By the dust before 36 6 .0,16 3.4mg / m3 dropped to 1.2,1.3mg / m3, the rate of decline was 99.7% and 92 .1%. The cause of pneumoconiosis - productive dust was controlled, the incidence of pneumoconiosis, morbidity and mortality decreased from 2 4.8%, 85.5% and 5.9% respectively before dusting to 0. Conclusions Through 30 years of prospective follow-up investigation and verification, no pneumoconiosis occurred in 1 Dongfang fluorite mine, achieving the purpose of eliminating pneumoconiosis.