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IgA1蛋白酶是由一组病原菌分泌的蛋白水解酶,可以特异水解人类IgA1铰链区一段特殊的多肽序列TPPTPSPSTPPTPSPS,产生Fab、Fc段。近来的研究发现具有和IgA1铰链区特异多肽序列结构相似的蛋白也是IgA1蛋白酶的底物,比如人类溶酶体膜蛋白(LAMP1)、人类绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、TNF-RⅡ、CD8分子和粒-巨细胞刺激因子(GM-CSF)、突触小泡蛋白Ⅱ等,而且IgA1蛋白酶还可以诱导T细胞特异反应,起免疫调剂作用,尤其是刺激促炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的释放等,这些都反映了该酶在病原体致病机制中有重要作用。同时也有很多研究利用IgA1蛋白酶的生物特性探索新的生物治疗方法。
IgA1 protease is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by a group of pathogens that specifically hydrolyzes a specific polypeptide sequence TPPTPSPSTPPTPSPS in the hinge region of human IgA1 to produce Fab and Fc fragments. Recent studies have found that proteins having a similar structure to the specific polypeptide sequence of the IgA1 hinge region are also substrates of IgA1 protease such as human lysosomal membrane protein (LAMP1), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), TNF-RII, CD8 molecules And granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF), synaptobrevin Ⅱ, etc., and IgA1 protease can also induce specific T cell responses, play an immunomodulatory role, especially to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β , IL-6 and IL-8 release, which all reflect the enzyme plays an important role in pathogenic pathogenesis. At the same time, there are many researches that exploit the biological properties of IgA1 protease to explore new biological therapies.