诺贝尔和平奖是由瑞典发明家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔所创立,是五个诺贝尔奖(图1)中的一个。遵照诺贝尔遗嘱,和平奖应该奖给“为促进民族团结友好、取消或裁减常备军队以及为和平会议的组织和宣传尽到最大努力或作出最大贡献的人”。但评选委员会逐渐拓宽了和平奖所涵盖的范围,后来该奖项也授予符合获奖条件的机构与组织。和平奖的评奖委员会是由5人组成的挪威诺贝尔委员会,其成员由挪威议会任命。相较于诺贝尔奖 The Nobel Peace Prize was founded by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel and is one of five Nobel Prizes (Figure 1). In accordance with the will of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to those who “have done their utmost to contribute or make the greatest contribution to the promotion of national unity and friendship, the cancellation or reduction of the standing army and the organization and promotion of the peace conference.” However, the selection committee gradually broadened the scope of the Peace Prize and later awarded the award-winning institutions and organizations. The prize committee for the Peace Prize is a five-member Norwegian Nobel committee whose members are appointed by the Norwegian Parliament. Compared to the Nobel Prize