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目的了解远洋测量船船员卫生知识认知水平和对健康教育的需求情况,为制定有针对性、个体性、规范化的健康教育计划和做好海上预防保健工作提供参考依据。方法采用不记名自制的“卫生知识和健康教育形式需求”调查问卷方式,随机抽取某远洋测量船400名船员进行问卷调查。结果不同层次的船员对卫生知识所掌握的情况以及他们对健康教育的需求经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义;结果显示,文化程度高,来自城市的船员有一定的卫生知识和健康信息储量,但缺乏较深层次的健康知识指导;目前,船员对健康教育的需求方面以海上常见病防治知识及健康咨询的需求率最高,其中海上常见病防治知识知晓率210人,占52.5%;健康咨询需求346人,占86.5%;心理卫生知识知晓率287人,占71.8%。结论其远洋测量船船员心理健康问题也普遍存在,应充分重视。对卫生知识和健康教育的需求,并针对不同层次的船员对卫生知识所掌握的情况以及他们对健康教育的需求提出相应的对策,进一步增强船员的自我保健意识、培养其健康生活卫生习惯。
OBJECTIVE To understand the cognitive level of seafarers’ knowledge of hygiene and their demand for health education, and to provide a reference for the formulation of a targeted, individualized and standardized health education plan and the prevention and care work at sea. Methods Using the anonymous “questionnaire of health knowledge and health education needs” method, 400 seafarers from a certain oceanic survey ship were randomly selected for questionnaire survey. Results The crew members at different levels of health knowledge and health education needs and requirements by χ2 test, the difference was statistically significant; the results show that the high level of education, city crew members have some health knowledge and health information reserves, However, there is a lack of deeper guidance on health knowledge. At present, the demand for health education by seafarers is highest with the demand for prevention and treatment of common diseases at sea and health consultation. Among them, the knowledge of prevention and treatment of common diseases at sea is 210, accounting for 52.5% Demand for 346 people, accounting for 86.5%; mental health awareness of 287 people, accounting for 71.8%. Conclusions The problems of mental health of seafarers are also common and should be given full consideration. The demand for health knowledge and health education is also pointed out. Corresponding countermeasures are also put forward for different levels of crew members about the knowledge of health and their need for health education, so as to further enhance the sense of self-care of seafarers and develop their health habits.