Understanding of the bonding nature of uranyl and various ligands is the key for designing robust sequestering agents for uranium extraction from seawater.In this paper thermodynamic properties related to the complexation reaction of uranyl(VI)in aqueous solution(i.e.existing in the form of UO2(H2O)52+)by several typical ligands(L)including acetate(CH3CO2),bicarbonate(HOCO2),carbonate(CO32),CH3(NH2)CNO(acetamidoximate,AO)and glutarimidedioximate(denoted as GDO2)have been investigated by using relativistic density functional theory(DFT).The geometries,vibrational frequencies,natural net charges,and bond orders of the formed uranyl-L complexes in aqueous solution are studied.Based on the DFT analysis we show that the binding interaction between uranyl and amidoximate ligand is the strongest among the selected complexes.The thermodynamics of the complexation reaction are examined,and the calculated results show that complexation of uranyl with amidoximate ligands is most preferred thermodynamically.Besides,reaction paths of the substitution complexation of solvated uranyl by acetate and AO have been studied,respectively.We have obtained two minima along the reaction path of solvated uranyl with acetate,the monodentate-acetate complex and the bidentate-acetate one,while only one minimum involving monodentate-AO complex has been located for AO ligand.Comparing the energy barriers of the two reaction paths,we find that complexation of uranyl with AO is more difficult in kinetics,though it is more preferable in thermodynamics.These results show that theoretical studies can help to select efficient ligands with fine-tuned thermodynamic and kinetic properties for binding uranyl in seawater. Understanding of the bonding of uranyl and various ligands is the key for designing robust sequestering agents for uranium extraction from seawater. This paper thermodynamic properties related to the complexation reaction of uranyl (VI) in aqueous solution (ieexisting in the form of UO2 (H2O) 52+) by several typical ligands (L) including acetate (CH3CO2), bicarbonate (HOCO2), carbonate (CO32), CH3 (NH2) CNO (acetamidoximate, AO) and glutarimidedioximate using relativistic density functional theory (DFT). The geometries, vibrational frequencies, natural net charges, and bond orders of the formed uranyl-L complexes in aqueous solutions are studied. Based on the DFT analysis we show that the binding interaction between uranyl and amidoximate ligand is the strongest among the selected complexes. The thermodynamics of the complexation reaction are examined, and the calculated results show that complexation of uranyl with amidoximate ligands is most preferred thermod ynamically.Besides, reaction paths of the substitution complexation of solvated uranyl by acetate and AO have been studied, respectively. We have obtained two minima along the reaction path of solvated uranyl with acetate, the monodentate-acetate complex and the bidentate-acetate one, While only one minimum involving monodentate-AO complex has been located for AO ligand. Comparing the energy barriers of the two reaction paths, we find that complexation of uranyl with AO is more difficult in kinetics, though it is more preferred in thermodynamics.These results show that theoretical studies can help to select efficient ligands with fine-tuned thermodynamic and kinetic properties for binding uranyl in seawater.