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1955年美国科技信息研究所(ISI)所长 Garfield 首次阐明可通过论文的被引证频次来测度期刊的影响,并在1963年 ISI 出版的《1961年度科学引文索引》中正式提出和使用影响因子(IF)这一术语。自1975年开始,ISI 在《科学引文索引》(SCI)的基础上每年发行上一年度世界范围的《期刊引证报告》(JCR),从而使得期刊的定量评价成为可能。我国自80年代末开始有组织地分析和整理 SCI 的相关资料,并于90年代中期开始倡导利用 SCI 来评价科研工作。目前,在我国少部分高校和研究机构已开始出现过于片面强调 SCI 及由其所派生的影响因子在科研评价中的作用,如有些单位在对科研人员进行考评时,硬性规定
In 1955, Garfield, director of the Institute for Scientific and Technological Information (ISI), for the first time, clarified that the impact of journals can be measured by the quoted frequency of papers and was formally proposed and used in the 1961 Science Citation Index published by ISI in 1963 IF). Since 1975, ISI has published a worldwide annual Journal Citation Report (JCR) for the previous year on the basis of the Scientific Citation Index (SCI), making it possible to quantitatively evaluate journals. Since the late 1980s, China has systematically analyzed and sorted out relevant information of SCI, and in the mid-1990s began to advocate the use of SCI to evaluate scientific research. At present, a small number of universities and research institutes in our country have begun to appear to over-emphasize the SCI and the impact factors derived from it in the evaluation of scientific research. For example, some units, when evaluating scientific researchers,