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为了将不同语言背景的移民融入美国社会,美国在不同时代采取了不同的双语教育政策,进入20世纪,受多语多文化的社会环境和国内外政治经济的影响,“唯英语”和“双语”之争一直不断;由于美国特殊的政治体制,各州的双语教育政策也千差万别。文章首先回顾美国双语教育的历史变迁,再以加州和德州为例说明双语教育政策实施的差异和实质。
In order to integrate immigrants of different linguistic backgrounds into American society, the United States adopted different bilingual education policies in different times. In the 20th century, the United States is influenced by the multilingual and multicultural social environment and political economy both at home and abroad. The debate over “bilingualism” has always been ongoing. Due to the special political system of the United States, the bilingual education policies in various states vary widely. The article first reviews the historical changes of bilingual education in the United States, and then takes California and Texas as examples to illustrate the differences and essence of bilingual education policies.