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目的分析2015年六合地区麻疹疫情爆发的流行病学特点。方法选择本次疫情中,经咽拭子核酸检测确诊为麻疹的患者226例。采用描述流行病学方法,回顾性统计麻疹患者的一般资料、发病年龄、发病时间、居住地、麻疹接触史、免疫接种史及临床症状、体征、实验室检查结果、心电图和必要的胸片、病情转归等资料。结果患者的发病季节分布、患者人群年龄分布、患者临床特点、出疹顺序等均出现了一些新特点。结论麻疹疫情的高发季出现改变,需要提高相关防疫知识的普及率与更新率,提高处理麻疹疫情的准确性和完整性,增强医务人员对传染病报告的及时性;预防接种人员要坚持加大访问力度,降低失访率,保证不漏种;麻疹疫情的新特点是否与麻疹病毒的变异值得进一步深究;防疫措施应随着社会经济的发展而做出相应调整。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak in Luhe area in 2015. Methods In this epidemic situation, 226 cases were diagnosed as measles by the swab swab nucleic acid test. Epidemiological methods were used to describe retrospectively the general information of patients with measles, the age of onset, the time of onset of disease, place of residence, history of measles exposure, history of immunization and clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, electrocardiogram and necessary chest radiographs, Condition and other information. Results The patient’s seasonal distribution of the disease, patient population age distribution, clinical features, rash sequence and so there are some new features. Conclusion The outbreak of measles epidemic has changed. It is necessary to improve the popularization rate and updating rate of relevant epidemic prevention knowledge, to improve the accuracy and completeness of handling the measles epidemic and to enhance the medical staff’s timely reporting of infectious diseases. Vaccinations personnel should persist in increasing Visit, reduce the rate of loss of follow-up, to ensure no leakage; whether the new characteristics of measles and measles virus deserves further study; preventive measures should be adjusted with the socio-economic development.