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自20世纪80年代末出现“民工潮”以来,进城务工人员被作为城市的负担而被各种政策限制和约束,由此引发了一系列社会问题。进入21世纪,在多种因素的作用下,触发了农民工政策范式的转移,政府把农民工重新定位为“产业工人重要组成部分”和“工人阶级的新成员”。因而,保障农民工权益,为农民工提供公共服务成为新的政策目标,执行手段也跟随发生了变化。中国农民工政策开始形成新的政策范式。本文借用政策范式转移理论审视整个变迁过程,力图在理论上理清问题认定、目标追求、工具配置,以及范式转移的触发机制等问题,并在最后揭示范式转移对于公共政策的意义所在。
Since the emergence of “migrant workers tide” in the late 1980s, migrant workers have been restricted and restrained by various policies as a burden on the city, which has triggered a series of social problems. In the 21st century, under the influence of many factors, the paradigm shift of migrant workers has been triggered and the government has repositioned migrant workers as “important members of industrial workers” and “new members of the working class.” Therefore, safeguarding the rights and interests of migrant workers and providing public services to migrant workers has become a new policy objective, and the means of implementation have also followed changes. China’s migrant workers policy began to form a new policy paradigm. This paper borrows the policy paradigm shift theory to examine the whole process of change and seeks to theoretically clarify issues such as problem identification, goal pursuit, tool allocation and paradigm shift, and finally reveals the meaning of paradigm shift for public policy.