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早产通常是指妊娠满28周至不足37周分娩,娩出的新生儿称为早产儿。早产是导致围生儿死亡的重要原因之一。再生育高峰的到来,不可避免地增加了不良围生结局发生风险。早产的高危因素复杂多样,加强高危妊娠的筛选、管理及救治,是防控自发性早产的重要措施。本文就早产的高危因素及其预测方法、临床表现、预防措施、治疗方案及产时处理与分娩方式等再生育相关问题进行阐述,以期为早产的识别、预防与治疗提供参考依据。
Premature birth usually refers to the gestational 28 weeks to less than 37 weeks of delivery, delivery of newborns is called premature children. Premature labor is one of the important causes of perinatal death. The arrival of reproductive peak inevitably increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. The risk factors for premature delivery are complex and diverse. Strengthening the screening, management and treatment of high-risk pregnancies is an important measure to prevent and control spontaneous preterm birth. This article describes the risk factors of preterm birth and its predictive methods, clinical manifestations, preventive measures, treatment options and delivery-related issues such as delivery and delivery methods in order to provide a reference for the identification, prevention and treatment of preterm birth.