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目的通过对天津汉族7岁学生体质健康测试,了解小学生身体健康状况和生长发育情况,为相关部门制定健康干预措施提供理论依据。方法按照分层抽样的原则,对天津汉族7岁学生进行体质健康测试,测试指标包括形态、机能和素质3个方面。结果天津城、乡男生身高指标没有差异,体重指标城市男生要明显高于乡村男生(P<0.01)。城、乡女生在身高和体重上没有差异。城市男生肺活量指标和脉搏指标均明显好于乡村男生(P≤0.01),城、乡女生脉搏指标有差异(P≤0.01)。城市男、女生速度素质好于乡村男、女生,乡村男、女生的力量素质好于城市男、女生。乡村学生营养不良检出率明显高于城市学生,城市学生超重和肥胖检出率要明显高于乡村学生。结论天津7岁学生形态、机能和素质存在城乡差异,营养状况方面城、乡学生均有营养不良和肥胖的情况,存在城乡差异。相对营养不良情况,肥胖问题较为突出。相关部门应把调控和监测重点放到防治肥胖方面,做到城乡均衡发展。
Objective To understand the physical health and growth of primary school students through the physical health test of 7-year-old students in Han nationality in Tianjin and provide the theoretical basis for the relevant departments to formulate health intervention measures. Methods According to the principle of stratified sampling, physical fitness test was conducted on 7-year-old students in Tianjin Han nationality. The test indexes include morphology, function and quality. Results There was no difference in the height index of boys and girls in Tianjin urban and rural areas. The boys of urban body weight index were significantly higher than those of rural boys (P <0.01). City, township girls in height and weight there is no difference. Urban boys spirometry index and pulse index were significantly better than the rural boys (P≤0.01), urban and rural women pulse index differences (P≤0.01). The urban boys and girls speed quality is better than the rural boys and girls, rural boys and girls strength quality is better than the city boys and girls. The detection rate of malnutrition among rural students was significantly higher than that of urban students, and the detection rate of overweight and obesity in urban students was significantly higher than that of rural students. Conclusions There is a difference between urban and rural areas in the form, function and quality of Tianjin 7-year-old students. Malnutrition and obesity among urban and rural students in terms of nutritional status exist in urban and rural areas. Relative malnutrition, the problem of obesity is more prominent. Relevant departments should focus their control and monitoring on the prevention and control of obesity and achieve a balanced development of urban and rural areas.