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AIM: To investigat the relation between hepatotoxicity of halothane and sevoflurane and altered hepatic calcium homeostasis in enzyme-induced hypoxic rats.METHODS: Forty-eight rats were pretreated with phenobarbital and randomly divided into six groups (eight in each group) and exposed to O2/N2/1.2 MAC anesthetics for :1 h: normal control (NC), 21% O2/79% N2; hypoxic control (HC), 14% O2/86%N2; normal sevoflurane (NS),21% O2/ N2/1.2MAC sevoflurane; hypoxic sevoflurane (HS), 14% O2/N2/1.2MAC sevoflurane; normal halothane (NH)21%O2/7g%N2/1.2MAC halothane; hypoxic halothane (HH), 14% O2/N2/1.2MAC halothane. Liver specimens and blood were taken 24 h after exposure to calcium and determined by EDX microanalysis.RESULTS: The liver of all rats given halothane (14%O2)had extensive centrilobular necrosis and denaturation.Morphologic damage was accompanied with an increase in serum glutamic pyruvic transminase. In groups NH and HH, more calcium was precipitated in cytoplasm and mitochondria.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that halothane increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in hepatocytes.Elevation in Ca2+ concentration is implicated in the mechanism of halothane-induced hepatotoxicity.sevoflurane is less effective in affecting hepatic calcium homeostasis than halothane.