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一、企业所有制企业改革摆上日程齐齐哈尔铁路器材厂是由齐齐哈尔铁路局(国家所有制)办的齐铁地区劳动服务公司,旨在安置齐铁机关待业子女,属于企业所有制型企业。从创办之日起,就照搬国家所有制模式,搞起了“铁饭碗”、“大锅饭”。可是人们在进了器材厂之后,总感到低人一等,矮人一头。由于没有明晰企业产权关系,企业缺少应有的自主权,存在无人负责的现象。每个劳动者与生产资料没有发生直接联系,职工缺乏积极性。该企业原生产的产品是日光灯管,到1985年亏损三万多元,发不出工资,职工放假,企业濒临破产。1985年下半年,转产了钢窗,企业有了转机。但是职工对“苦、脏、累”的钢窗生产很不适应,由于活累、奖金少,职工不安心,对企业财产的损失浪费,企业经济效益的高低都漠不关心。有些职工在下料时,一根长料拿过来就切,干完活料头一大堆;有的职工在钢窗生产旺季抢任务时怕累躲
I. Reform of Enterprise-owned Enterprises Put on the agenda Qiqihar Railway Equipment Factory is a labor service company in Qiqihar run by the Qiqihar Railway Bureau (state-owned ownership). It aims to resettling the unemployed children of the Zigong Autonomous Prefecture and is an enterprise owned by all enterprises. From the day of its founding, it copied the model of state ownership and launched “iron rice bowl” and “big pot rice.” However, after people entered the equipment factory, they always felt inferior and dwarf. Because there is no clear relationship between property rights, enterprises lack the due autonomy, there is no one responsible for the phenomenon. Every worker has no direct connection with the means of production, and his staff lacks enthusiasm. The original products of the enterprise were fluorescent tubes, which had a loss of over 30,000 yuan in 1985, could not pay their wages, and workers took holidays and the enterprises were on the verge of bankruptcy. In the second half of 1985, the steel windows were converted, and the enterprises had a turn for the better. However, workers are not suitable for the production of steel windows that are “bitter, dirty and tired”. Because of being tired, less bonuses and workers being unsure, the loss of corporate property is wasted and the economic efficiency of enterprises is indifferent. Some workers in the cutting, a long material taken over to cut, a lot of work to do a good job; some workers rush to grab the task in the production of steel windows afraid of tired