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目的了解陕西地区蔬菜中汞的污染状况及评价其对人体潜在危害。方法2013—2015年分别测定采自陕西10个地区的蔬菜样品的汞含量,并评估陕西居民经食用蔬菜的汞摄入量,并应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型评价其健康风险。结果共调查蔬菜样品1167份,3年蔬菜中汞的超标率分别为4.03%、3.85%和1.94%,8小类蔬菜的污染指数(P)在0.15~0.34之间,汞污染较严重的地区是安康和延安。陕西居民经食用蔬菜的汞暴露量低于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会制定的汞暂定每周可耐受摄入量,平均个人年风险值亦小于国际放射防护委员会推荐的标准5.0×10~(-5)/年。结论陕西地区蔬菜不存在严重汞污染情况,居民通过食用途径所致汞的健康风险属于安全级别。
Objective To understand the pollution status of mercury in vegetables in Shaanxi Province and evaluate the potential harm to human beings. Methods The mercury contents of vegetable samples collected from 10 areas in Shaanxi Province during 2013-2015 were determined. The mercury intake of edible vegetables in Shaanxi Province was evaluated. The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was also used to evaluate the health risks. Results A total of 1 167 samples of vegetables were collected. The over-standard rates of mercury in vegetables were 4.03%, 3.85% and 1.94% respectively in three years. The pollution index (P) of eight sub-categories was between 0.15 and 0.34. It is well-being and Yan’an. The mercury exposure to edible vegetables in Shaanxi is lower than the tentative weekly tolerable intake of mercury developed by the Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and the average annual risk for individuals is less than the recommended standard of ICRP 5.0 × 10 ~ (-5) / year. Conclusions There is no serious mercury pollution in vegetables in Shaanxi Province. The health risks of mercury caused by residents through food are safe levels.