目的了解新疆克拉玛依地区结核性胸膜炎的发病趋势及特征。方法对1996～2006年住院结核性胸膜炎进行回顾性分析,并与同期结核病防治所登记的活动性肺结核作比较。结果结核性胸膜炎青壮年高发,男多于女,少数民族多于汉族,右胸腔多于左胸腔,冬春季节发病率高,20.4%合并肺结核。结论结核性胸膜炎与本地肺结核疫情相似,且年发病趋势较稳定,可以作为地区肺结核病疫情分析的指标之一。 Objective To understand the trend and characteristics of tuberculous pleurisy in Karamay, Xinjiang. Methods A retrospective analysis of hospitalized tuberculous pleurisy from 1996 to 2006 was made and compared with that of tuberculosis registered in the same period. Results Tuberculous pleurisy was more common in young adults than in men, with more ethnic minorities than Han nationality, more right thorax than left thoracic cavity, high morbidity in winter and spring, and 20.4% with pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusions Tuberculous pleurisy is similar to that of local tuberculosis, and the trend of annual incidence is relatively stable. It can be used as one of the indices for analyzing the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in the area.