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20世纪80年代,美国学者Peter Agre发现质膜上有构成水通道的膜蛋白,这种膜蛋白被命名为水孔蛋白或水通道蛋白(AQP)。水通道蛋白的发现,揭示了水可快速穿膜流动的机制,而且通过研究发现,水通道蛋白与人体多种疾病的发生有关,如神经系统、肾脏、肠道、眼以及耳鼻喉等的疾病。近年来,人们针对水通道蛋白在各种疾病中的生理、病理作用进行了大量的研究。我们着眼于水通道蛋白与神经系统疾病间的关系,重点对在神经系统疾病中起关键作用的AQP-1和AQP-4的研究新进展进行综述。
In the 1980s, American scholar Peter Agre discovered membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that form water channels, and this membrane protein is named aquaporin or aquaporin (AQP). The discovery of aquaporins reveals the mechanism by which water can rapidly penetrate the membrane. Moreover, it has been found through studies that aquaporins are involved in various diseases of the human body, such as diseases of the nervous system, kidney, intestine, eye and ENT . In recent years, a large number of studies have been conducted on the physiological and pathological effects of aquaporins in various diseases. We looked at the relationship between aquaporin and neurological diseases and reviewed recent advances in AQP-1 and AQP-4, which play key roles in neurological diseases.