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目的了解哮喘患儿吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)治疗5年后的过敏原变化情况。方法对2003—2004年在深圳市儿童医院哮喘门诊登记且登记时均行皮肤点刺实验(SPT)并给予ICS治疗的133例哮喘患儿,进行现场回顾性调查。现场调查包括填写调查表和复查SPT。结果 133例哮喘患儿完成了5年前后的2次SPT检测,5年前121例(91%)SPT阳性,12例(9%)SPT阴性;5年后133例中119例(89.5%)SPT检测阳性,14例(10.5%)SPT阴性,与5年前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。5年后吸入性过敏原和食物过敏原的阳性率均无明显变化,但蟑螂和树花粉明显增加(P>0.05),牛奶、鸡蛋明显减少(P>0.05)。结论哮喘患儿5年后过敏率变化不大,吸入性过敏有所增加,食物过敏有减少趋势。屋尘螨和粉尘螨仍然是主要过敏原。ICS治疗与否对过敏情况无明显影响。
Objective To understand the allergen changes after 5 years of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children with asthma. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 133 children with asthma who were treated with skin prick test (SPT) and ICS treatment at the Children’s Hospital of Asthma Hospital, Shenzhen, 2003-2004. Field surveys include completing questionnaires and reviewing SPTs. Results 133 children with asthma completed 5 years and 2 years after the SPT test. Five years ago, 121 cases (91%) were positive for SPT and 12 cases (9%) were negative for SPT. 119 cases (89.5%) were 133 cases after 5 years SPT test positive, 14 cases (10.5%) SPT negative, compared with 5 years ago, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The positive rates of inhaled allergens and food allergens did not change significantly after 5 years, but the cockroaches and tree pollens increased significantly (P> 0.05), while milk and eggs decreased significantly (P> 0.05). Conclusions Children with asthma had little change in allergy rate after 5 years, increased allergic reactions to inhalation, and decreased food allergies. House dust mites and dust mites are still the major allergens. ICS treatment or no significant effect on allergies.