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监管型国家的崛起是20世纪人类重要的制度创新,美国是这一领域的典范。探讨监管型国家制度变迁的动力、特征和内在矛盾,对于解决我国食品药品安全、消费者权益保护、安全生产等现实问题具有启示意义。本文以制度主义为视角,分析了影响美国政府监管产生和三阶段发展的因素,归纳出监管体系演变的主要特征:市场机制是内生动力,法治建设是约束力,社会进步是外在拉力,同时探讨了监管失灵的可能性。
The rise of a supervised nation is an important institutional innovation of mankind in the 20th century. The United States is a model in this field. Exploring the motivation, characteristics and inherent contradictions of the regulatory system in our country is of enlightenment for solving the practical problems of food and drug safety, consumer protection and safe production in our country. From the perspective of institutionalism, this article analyzes the factors that influence the emergence of the U.S. government and the development of the three phases, and summarizes the main features of the evolution of the regulatory system: the market mechanism is endogenous, the construction of the rule of law is binding, the social progress is the external pull, Also discussed the possibility of regulatory failure.