骨髓基质干细胞具有明确的成骨潜能,是骨愈合过程中骨化的重要细胞。它具有来源丰富,采集方便,容易在体外培养、诱导、扩增的特点,是组织工程化骨理想的种子细胞。该细胞在体外培养具有较强的传代增殖能力,外源目的基因易于导入,因此也是骨缺损基因治疗较为理想的靶细胞。本文就应用骨髓基质干细胞作为组织工程化骨的种子细胞和基因治疗的靶细胞来修复骨缺损的进展作一综述。 Bone marrow stromal stem cells have definite osteogenic potential and are important cells for ossification during bone healing. It has rich source, easy collection, easy to in vitro culture, induction, amplification of the characteristics of tissue engineered bone ideal seed cells. The cells cultured in vitro with strong ability of passage proliferation, easy to import foreign gene, and therefore gene therapy of bone defects is an ideal target cells. This review summarizes the progress of repairing bone defects by using bone marrow stromal stem cells as seed cells for tissue engineered bone and target cells for gene therapy.