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前言职业性事故性钚的照射,通常是通过手部和皮下组织的沾染所致。钚可在伤口部位存留,从表层脱落,转移并滞留于局部淋巴结,或者入血后被排出或沉积于器官。有许多因素影响钚的沉积,包括钚的化学的和物理的形态、同位素组成、照射水平、沉积的部位及深度、伤口的类型及治疗的性质。估算浅层沾染伤口的沾染水平较为可靠,但估算转移至器官的量,则需要通过代谢模式,并需根据排泄水平及身体测量计数,而后者又常需根据示踪同位素如Am的水平进行估算。在慢性实验研究中(1970年Lebel JL报告)用40只猎犬研究了PuO_2沾染伤口的不同转移,报告了1只1.5岁龄的狗发生了淋巴肉瘤。由于在其它8000多只狗(无钚沾染——译注)中仅发生1例淋巴肉瘤(1)
Introduction Exposure to occupational accidental plutonium is usually caused by contamination of hands and subcutaneous tissues. Plutonium can remain at the wound site, shed from the surface, metastasize and remain in the local lymph nodes, or expel or deposit in the organs after entering the bloodstream. There are many factors that affect the deposition of plutonium, including the chemical and physical forms of plutonium, isotopic composition, level of exposure, location and depth of deposition, type of wounds, and nature of treatment. Estimating the level of contamination in superficial wounds is more reliable, but estimating the amount of metastasis to the organ is required to go through metabolic patterns and be based on excretion levels and body measurements, which are often estimated based on tracer isotopes such as Am . In a chronic experimental study (Lebel JL 1970), 40 different hounds of PuO 2-infected wounds were studied in 40 hounds and a 1.5-year-old dog was reported for lymphosarcoma. As only one case of lymphosarcoma (1) occurred in more than 8,000 other dogs (no plutonium contamination)