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灌溉是抵御和减轻冬小麦晚霜冻危害的有效措施之一。针对黄淮地区2010年4月的一次强降温过程,通过郑州农业气象观测站的灌溉防霜试验,对比分析了冬小麦孕穗期田间空气温度和土壤温度特征。结果表明:在外界环境温度下降时,灌溉可以提高田间最低气温0.1～0.6℃,增温效应主要集中在地上5cm处,灌溉可减少气温≤0℃的持续时间1～2h;对土壤温度的影响随着深度而存在差异,0cm土壤温度以增加为主,5～20cm土壤以降温效应为主;灌溉减小了气温和0～5cm土壤温度的变异系数和平均相对变率,而增大了10～20cm土壤温度的变异系数和相对变率;灌溉引起的温度差异只在15和20cm土壤处比较显著,其余各层温度差异并不明显。
Irrigation is one of the effective measures to resist and reduce the damage of winter wheat frost. Aiming at a strong cooling process in Huanghuai region in April 2010, the characteristics of field air temperature and soil temperature at the booting stage of winter wheat were compared through irrigation frost protection experiment of Zhengzhou Agricultural Meteorological Observatory. The results show that irrigation can increase the minimum temperature of 0.1 ~ 0.6 ℃ in the field when the ambient temperature decreases, and the warming effect mainly concentrates on the ground 5cm above the ground. Irrigation can reduce the duration of the temperature ≤0 ℃ for 1 ~ 2h. The effect on soil temperature With the depth difference, the 0 cm soil temperature increased mainly while the 5-20 cm soil dominated the cooling effect. The irrigation decreased the coefficient of variation and the average relative rate of temperature and 0-5 cm soil temperature, but increased by 10 Coefficient of variation and relative rate of ~ 20cm soil temperature. The temperature difference caused by irrigation is only significant at 15 and 20cm soil, but the temperature difference of other layers is not obvious.