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呼吸系统是人体与外界接触最频繁最广泛的器官系统，很易遭受尘粒、微生物、毒性气体等有害因子的侵袭。健康个体所以不发生呼吸道感染，主要在于呼吸道具有完善的免疫防御机制，可以抵御病原微生物的感染与致病。呼吸道从鼻腔后2／3起直至终末细支气管均由纤毛上皮细胞覆盖。
Respiratory system is the body’s most frequent contact with the outside world’s most extensive organ system, it is vulnerable to dust particles, microorganisms, toxic gases and other harmful factors. Therefore, healthy individuals do not have respiratory infections, mainly in the respiratory tract with a sound immune defense mechanism that can withstand the infection of pathogenic microorganisms and pathogenic. The respiratory tract from the posterior nasal cavity 2/3 until the terminal bronchioles are covered by the ciliated epithelial cells.