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1904至1905年的日俄战争,是日本军国主义与沙俄帝国主义为争夺中国东北与朝鲜而进行的帝国主义战争。这场战争主要在满洲及其临海进行,但西方列强要求清政府保持中立。清政府宣布“局外中立”并请求列强予以保护。但是就中国而言,日俄战争决不是一场局外战争。它的引发、战场及其最终解决,都与中国休戚相关,为什么清政府会采用这一政策?本文拟从国内外两方面具体考察这一政策出台的原因。
The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 was an imperialist war by Japanese militarists and tsarist Russian imperialists for fighting northeast China and North Korea. The war was mainly carried out in Manchuria and its immediate vicinity, but Western powers demanded that the Qing government remain neutral. The Qing government declared “external neutrality” and asked the powers to protect it. But as far as China is concerned, the Russo-Japanese war is by no means an outside war. Its trigger, the battlefield and its final settlement are all related to China, and why the Qing government will adopt this policy? This paper intends to examine the reasons for the introduction of this policy from both the domestic and international perspectives.