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形式主义与实质主义范式是经济社会关系研究的两种基本范式。追求普遍性是形式主义范式的基本特征,它认为人类的经济社会关系中存在着普遍的、超越时空限制的行为模式。实质主义范式的基本特征则是彰显特殊性,强调任何经济社会关系都是发生于特定的历史语境和社会形态中的现象,是社会文化建构的产物。如何超越普遍性与特殊性的对立,成为经济社会关系研究中新的知识增长点。很多学者都致力于打破这种二元知识形态。无论他们是否探索出了“第三种”范式,都表明当代经济社会关系研究范式的重建不仅是可能的,而且是必须的。
The formalism and the substantive paradigm are two basic paradigms for the study of economic and social relations. The pursuit of universality is the basic characteristic of the formalism paradigm. It holds that there are universal patterns of behavior beyond the limits of time and space in the economic and social relations of mankind. The essential characteristic of the substantive paradigm is to highlight the particularity and emphasize that any economic and social relationship is a phenomenon that takes place in a specific historical context and social form and is a product of social and cultural construction. How to go beyond the confrontation between universality and particularity has become a new point of knowledge growth in the study of economic and social relations. Many scholars are committed to breaking this binary knowledge form. No matter whether they have explored the third paradigm, they all show that it is not only possible but necessary to rebuild the research paradigm of contemporary economic and social relations.