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目的了解北京市大兴区食源性疾病主要致病菌分布及其变化趋势,提高食源性疾病暴发的早期识别、预警与防控能力。方法对在大兴区3家二级医院就诊的腹泻患者进行流行病学调查,采集未使用抗生素患者的粪便标本,进行霍乱弧菌、痢疾杆菌(志贺菌)、副溶血弧菌、沙门菌和5种致泻性大肠埃希菌等细菌的分离培养和鉴定。结果食源性疾病的发生主要集中在2、3季度,各哨点医院肠道门诊就诊量峰值出现在3季度,4年间采集1 773份腹泻患者粪便标本,共检出食源性致病微生物231株,总检出率13.03%,2015年阳性率最高,为22.32%。4年中检出沙门菌114株(49.35%)、肠致病性大肠杆菌41株(17.75%)、志贺菌27株(11.68%)、副溶血弧菌12株(5.19%)、其他肠道病原菌17株(7.36%)、诺如病毒20株(8.66%)。食源性疾病患者主要集中在0~<7岁及20~<40岁2个年龄组,分别占监测人数的32.77%和34.69%;男女性别比为1.37∶1,男女之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论大兴区食源性疾病发病主要集中在2、3季度,感染患者主要集中在0~<7岁及20~<40岁年龄组,病原微生物种类繁多,以沙门菌为主,应继续加强监测工作。
Objective To understand the distribution and trend of the main pathogens of foodborne diseases in Daxing District, Beijing, and to improve the early identification, early warning, prevention and control of outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Methods Epidemiological investigation of diarrhea patients in three secondary hospitals in Daxing District was conducted. Stool specimens from patients without antibiotics were collected for Vibrio cholerae, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella and Isolation, culture and identification of five species of diarrheal Escherichia coli. Results The incidence of food-borne diseases was mainly in the second and third quarters. The peak of outpatient visits in sentinel hospitals in the sentinel hospitals occurred in the third quarter. A total of 1 773 samples of diarrhea patients were collected during the four years. Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms 231 strains, the total detection rate was 13.03%, the highest positive rate in 2015 was 22.32%. Four strains of Salmonella (49.35%), 41 strains (17.75%) of enteropathogenic E.coli, 27 strains (11.68%) of Shigella, 12 strains 17 pathogenic bacteria (7.36%) and 20 norovirus (8.66%). Patients with food-borne diseases mainly concentrated in two age groups of 0 ~ <7 years old and 20 ~ <40 years old, accounting for 32.77% and 34.69% of the monitored persons, respectively; the sex ratio of men and women was 1.37:1, and there was no significant difference between men and women Significance (P> 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of foodborne diseases in Daxing District is mainly concentrated in the second and third quarters. Infected patients mainly focus on 0 ~ <7 years old and 20 ~ <40 years old groups. There are many kinds of pathogenic microorganisms, mainly Salmonella, and should continue to strengthen monitoring jobs.