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据统计,全世界50%的碳酸盐岩储层是白云岩,80%以上北美油气碳酸盐岩储存在白云岩中[1-2]。但在现代沉淀环境中几乎找不到原生的白云石踪迹[3],白云石的成因也一直是困扰地质学家们的问题。因此,研究白云石的成因对油气勘探和开发具有战略学意义。近年来,“微生物白云石模型”的提出[4],为解开白云石成因之谜开启了一扇新的窗户。陆续有报道多种微生物的代谢能够介导白云石的形成,但已有研究是在常压下进行,所得到白云石晶体不是天然的菱面型。本期介绍了宋泉颖、张宇等发表的论文“球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus sphaericus)和嗜冷芽孢八叠球菌(Sporosarcina psychrophila)介导形成白云石晶体”[5],作者首次将压力因素引入白云石成因的研究,并结合微生物菌株的生理特性,综合考察了多重因子对微生物介导形成白云岩的影响,发现球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌在低温高压微氧条件下,通过尿素水解活性能够介导形成类似于菱面形白云石晶体。该研究是“微生物白云石模型”研究的一个重要进展,也是微生物和地质学交叉研究的一个成功实例。尽管该研究获得了菱面型白云石晶体,但与天然样本尚有差距,分析原因可能是目前的实验条件与自然环境中的白云石形成条件还有所区别,因此,还需要深入地研究才能进一步完善“微生物白云石模型”。
According to statistics, 50% of carbonate reservoirs in the world are dolomite, and more than 80% of North American oil and gas carbonate rocks are stored in dolomite [1-2]. However, traces of native dolomite can hardly be found in a modern sedimentation environment [3], and the genesis of dolomite has also been a problem for geologists. Therefore, the study of the cause of dolomite exploration and development of oil and gas has a strategic significance. In recent years, the proposal of “Microbial Dolomite Model” [4] has opened up a new window for unlocking the cause of dolomite formation. It has been reported that a variety of microbial metabolism can mediate the formation of dolomite, but studies have been carried out at atmospheric pressure, the resulting dolomite crystals are not natural rhombohedron. This issue presents the articles published by Song Quanying, Zhang Yu et al., “Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Sporosarcina psychrophila mediate the formation of dolomite crystals” [5] Based on the study of the genesis of dolomite by pressure factors and the physiological characteristics of microbial strains, the effects of multiple factors on the microbial-mediated dolomite synthesis were investigated. The results showed that under the condition of low temperature and high pressure, Activity can mediate the formation of rhombohedral dolomite crystals. This study is an important advance in the study of the “Microbial Dolomite Model” and is a successful example of the cross-cutting study of micro-organisms and geology. Although the study obtained rhombohedral dolomite crystals, there is a gap with natural samples. The reason for the analysis may be that the current experimental conditions are different from the dolomite formation conditions in the natural environment. Therefore, further study is needed Further refinement of the “microbial dolomite model.”