在市场竞争过程中,竞争双方之间的信息一般是非对称的。如在产品市场,卖者对产品质量的了解通常比买者多,而买者对产品需求及价格分布的信息比卖者多;在信贷市场中,贷款人对借款人的投资项目的收益及风险等缺乏了解。信息的非对称性已成为信息经济学的一个基础假设,造成了市场的不完全和资源配置的无效率。在现代经济模型的建构过程中,人们不仅要考虑在信息完全对称的环境中人们会如何行动,而且更关心在信息不对称的环境中人们会怎样行动, In the process of market competition, the information between the two competitors is generally asymmetric. In the product market, for example, the seller usually knows more about the product quality than the buyer, and the buyer has more information about the product demand and price distribution than the seller. In the credit market, the lender’s return on the borrower’s investment project and Lack of understanding of risks. The asymmetry of information has become a basic hypothesis of information economics, resulting in incomplete markets and inefficient allocation of resources. In the process of constructing the modern economic model, people should not only consider how people will behave in an environment with completely symmetrical information, but also care more about how people will behave in an environment of asymmetric information,