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空心莲子草是一种常见的水生植物,并能在重金属污染的水体或附近土壤中生长。本研究发现,空心莲子草能富集6种常见的重金属元素,其富集能力为:Zn2+>Mn2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>Cr3+。高浓度(1mmol/L)Cu2+、Mn2+、Zn2+和Cr3+等重金属胁迫处理条件下,空心莲子草的根冠比增加,生物干重、总根长和总根表面积都相应降低。此外,高浓度(1mmol/L)Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+或Zn2+分别胁迫处理条件下,空心莲子草的K+、Ca+和Mg+等元素的含量变化差异显著(P<0.05)。以上研究表明,空心莲子草通过改变体内钾钙镁等重要生长元素营养情况来适应重金属污染的胁迫,有很强的富集重金属元素的能力,进而降低污染、净化水体。空心莲子草对重金属污染的生长响应及体内重要矿物元素营养特性之间的相互关系,可能为重金属污染的水土生物修复提供理论依据。
Alternanthera philoxeroides is a common aquatic plant that grows in heavy metals contaminated water or nearby soil. The results showed that Alternanthera philoxeroides could enrich six kinds of common heavy metal elements and their enrichment ability was Zn2 +> Mn2 +> Pb2 +> Cu2 +> Cd2 +> Cr3 +. Root-shoot ratio of Alternanthera philoxeroides increased with the concentration of 1mmol / L Cu2 +, Mn2 +, Zn2 + and Cr3 +, and the biomass dry weight, total root length and total root surface area decreased accordingly. In addition, the content of K +, Ca + and Mg + of A. philoxeroides significantly differed significantly (P <0.05) under high concentration (1 mmol / L) Pb2 +, Cd2 +, Cu2 + or Zn2 + stress. The above studies have shown that Alternanthera philoxeroides adapt to the stress of heavy metal pollution by changing the nutrition status of important growth elements such as potassium, calcium and magnesium in the body and have a strong ability of enriching heavy metal elements, thereby reducing pollution and purifying water. The relationship between the growth responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides to heavy metal pollution and the nutritional characteristics of important mineral elements in the body may provide a theoretical basis for soil and water bioremediation of heavy metal pollution.