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目的:探讨颌间牵引钉应用于颌面骨折颌间牵引的效果、常见并发症及应对策略。方法:在173例颌骨骨折内固定术后应用颌间牵引钉行颌间牵引,总结分析颌间牵引钉的牵引效果、常见并发症产生原因及应对策略。结果:173例颌骨骨折患者中,122例术后咬合关系正常,无需牵引;43例咬合关系有偏差,经术后3~5 d牵引,咬合关系恢复正常,总有效率为95%。主要并发症是牵引钉周围黏膜溃疡、疼痛25例(14.5%),牙根损伤5例(2.9%),牵引钉松动12例(6.9%),术中牵引钉折断7例(4.0%),邻牙松动、脱落少见。结论:颌间牵引钉在颌骨骨折治疗中是一种安全有效的牵引方法。掌握并了解并发症发生原因及应对策略,可提高治疗效果,减轻患者痛苦。
Objective: To investigate the effect of intermaxillary traction nail applied to maxillofacial fractures intermaxillary traction, common complications and coping strategies. Methods: 173 cases of maxillofacial fractures were treated by intermaxillary traction followed by intermaxillary traction. The traction effect of intermaxillary traction nail, the causes of common complications and the coping strategies were summarized. Results: Among the 173 patients with maxillofacial fractures, 122 patients had normal occlusion after operation, no need for traction, and 43 patients had deviations in occlusion. After 3 to 5 days of operation, the occlusion relationship returned to normal with a total effective rate of 95%. The main complication was mucosal ulcer around traction nail, pain was found in 25 cases (14.5%), root injury in 5 cases (2.9%), traction nail loosened in 12 cases (6.9%), intraoperative traction nail fractured in 7 cases (4.0% Tooth loose, shedding rare. Conclusion: Intermaxillary traction nail is a safe and effective traction method in the treatment of jaw fracture. Grasp and understand the causes of complications and coping strategies can improve the treatment effect and reduce the suffering of patients.