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目的了解上海市金山区居民和小学生疟疾防治知识知晓情况,评估当地消除疟疾期间健康教育成效。方法2010年和2014年,在金山区分别采取分层抽样和整群抽样等方法,抽取3个行政村、1所中学、1所小学,对其中15岁以上的居民和学校学生进行问卷调查,了解该区消除疟疾前后居民及学生的疟疾防治知识知晓率情况。结果 2010年基线调查时,人群疟疾防治知识总知晓率为74.22%,居民和中小学生分别为75.68%、61.86%、72.20%;男、女知晓率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.755,P>0.05),居民知晓率高于中小学生(χ~2=59.838,P<0.01);2010-2014年开展了一系列有关疟疾防治知识的健康教育。2014年终期考核调查时,人群疟疾总知晓率为96.03%,居民和中小学生分别为92.28%、98.59%、99.49%,中小学生知晓率明显高于居民(χ~2=275.794,P<0.01)。结论金山区通过健康教育课和社区宣传,提高了辖区居民疟疾防治知识知晓率,达到了消除疟疾评估要求。
Objective To understand the status of malaria prevention and control among residents and primary school students in Jinshan District of Shanghai and evaluate the effectiveness of health education during malaria elimination. Methods In 2010 and 2014, stratified sampling and cluster sampling were adopted in Jinshan District. Three administrative villages, one middle school and one primary school were selected. Among them, residents aged 15 and above and school students were surveyed. Understand the awareness of malaria control knowledge among residents and students before and after malaria elimination in this area. Results During the baseline survey in 2010, the total awareness rate of malaria prevention and control among the population was 74.22% with 75.68%, 61.86% and 72.20% of residents and primary and secondary students respectively; there was no significant difference in the awareness rate of males and females (χ ~ 2 = 1.755, P> 0.05). Residents’ awareness rate was higher than that of primary and secondary school students (χ ~ 2 = 59.838, P <0.01). A series of health education about malaria prevention and control was carried out in 2010-2014. At the end of 2014 assessment, the total awareness of malaria in the population was 96.03% with 92.28%, 98.59% and 99.49% of residents and primary and secondary students respectively. The awareness rate of primary and secondary school students was significantly higher than that of residents (χ ~ 2 = 275.794, P <0.01) . Conclusion Jinshan District, through health education classes and community advocacy, has increased the awareness rate of malaria prevention and control knowledge among residents in the area and has reached the requirement of eliminating malaria assessment.