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目的分析遵义市2012年手足口病流行病学特征,探讨流行规律,为制定有效防控策略提供依据。方法从国家疾病监测信息管理系统中将遵义市2012年手足口病网络直报信息导出,用Excel软件进行统计,运用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果该市2012年共报告手足口病病例15 843例,其中重症病例312例,死亡10例。发病率为257.92/10万,死亡率为0.16/10万。发病年龄以5岁以下为主,占病例总数的91.54%,男女发病比为1.68∶1,差异有统计学意义(χ2=829.20,P<0.01)。发病以5—7月为主(10 922例),11和12月出现一次小高峰(2 776例),分别占发病数的68.94%和17.93%。散居儿童和幼托儿童分别占72.18%和21.73%。检测咽拭子/肛拭子标本1 904份,检出阳性1 060份,阳性率为55.67%;其中其他肠道病毒占45.28%(480份),CoxA16占30.47%(323份),EV71占24.25%(257份)。结论 2012年遵义市手足口病疫情、重症和死亡病例呈明显上升趋势,病原为EV71、CxoA16和其他肠道病毒混合流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zunyi city in 2012, discuss the epidemic rules and provide the basis for effective prevention and control strategies. Methods The direct network information of HFMD in Zunyi City was derived from the national disease surveillance information management system, and the data were analyzed by Excel software. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 15 843 HFMD cases were reported in the city in 2012, of which 312 were critically ill and 10 were fatal. The incidence rate was 257.92 / 100,000, with a mortality rate of 0.16 / 100,000. The age of onset was less than 5 years old, accounting for 91.54% of the total number of cases and the ratio of male to female was 1.68:1. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 829.20, P <0.01). The incidence was mainly in May-July (10 922 cases), with a small peak in November and December (2 776 cases), accounting for 68.94% and 17.93% of the cases respectively. Diaspora and kindergarten children accounted for 72.18% and 21.73% respectively. A total of 1 904 samples of throat swabs / rectal swabs were detected, and 1 060 were positive, with a positive rate of 55.67%. Other enterovirus accounted for 45.28% (480 copies), CoxA16 accounted for 30.47% (323 copies), EV71 24.25% (257). Conclusion The epidemic situation, serious illness and death of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zunyi City in 2012 showed a clear upward trend. The pathogen was mixed epidemic of EV71, CxoA16 and other enteroviruses.