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目的分析大连市小学生因病缺课情况,为提出有效防控措施提供依据。方法选取11所小学为因病缺课监测点,开展信息收集及数据网络直报工作,监测对象为全体在校学生,共11 995名。结果 2012-2013学年的因病缺课率为0.148%,人均缺课天数为0.244天。缺课原因主要是感冒、意外伤害、水痘和胃肠道疾病,构成比分别占48.63%、9.86%、5.99%和5.27%。女生因病缺课率高于男生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.364,P<0.05)。意外伤害,女生高于男生(χ2=8.215,P<0.01);肺炎,男生高于女生(χ2=8.587,P<0.01);感冒、水痘及胃肠道疾病,没有性别差异。缺课高峰在冬春季节。结论感冒和水痘等呼吸道传染病、意外伤害以及胃肠道疾病是重点病种;冬春季是防控学生生病的重点时期。
Objective To analyze the situation of primary school students missing due to illness in Dalian and provide the basis for putting forward effective prevention and control measures. Methods Eleven primary schools were selected as monitoring points for absence due to illness, and information gathering and data network direct reporting were conducted. The monitoring targets were all students in school, a total of 11 995 students. Results The absenteeism rate for the academic year 2012-2013 was 0.148%, and the number of missed classes per capita was 0.244 days. The main reasons for absence are cold, accidental injury, chickenpox and gastrointestinal diseases, accounting for 48.63%, 9.86%, 5.99% and 5.27% respectively. There was a significant difference between girls and boys in absenteeism (χ2 = 4.364, P <0.05). There was no gender difference in the incidence of colds, chickenpox and gastrointestinal diseases with accidental injuries. The girls were higher than boys (χ2 = 8.215, P <0.01). Pneumonia was higher in boys than girls (χ2 = 8.587, P <0.01). Absence peak in winter and spring. Conclusion Cold and varicella and other respiratory diseases, accidental injuries and gastrointestinal diseases are the key diseases; winter and spring prevention and control of student illness is the key period.