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为评价板栗林(套)改种茶树和毛竹对土壤质量的影响,2009年在板栗林、茶树和毛竹林分别采集3个剖面土壤样品,分析土壤生物学性质。结果表明,板栗套(改)种茶树和毛竹10a后,表层0-20cm土壤总有机碳分别增加15.05%和10.47%,20-40cm的增幅分别为60.37%和24.94%,40-60cm的增幅分别为76.34%和6.09%。表层0-20cm土壤微生物量碳分别增加22.17%和16.46%,20-40cm的增幅分别为9.87%和-6.89%,40-60cm的增幅分别为54.82%和23.93%。板栗(套)改种茶树和毛竹后,表层土壤脂肪酸总量分别增加50.25%和36.69%,细菌比例增加,放线菌比例下降,真菌比例则茶树林最高,其次是板栗林,毛竹林最低。有机质含量高的土壤能检测到近50种脂肪酸,但38～40种微生物脂肪酸为所有土壤所共有。以38种脂肪酸进行的主成分分析和冗余分析表明:(1)原板栗林土壤3个样地的微生物区系相似度高,而茶树和毛竹林3个样地之间土壤微生物则差异较大,说明尚未形成特征区系;(2)影响微生物生物学性质的主要因素是有机质含量。结论:板栗(套)改种茶树和毛竹均能改善土壤质量,且茶树略优于毛竹,不同地区可根据实际情况选择其中之一作为改造模式。
In order to evaluate the effect of plantation of tea tree and bamboo on the soil quality, three soil samples were collected from chestnut forest, tea tree and bamboo forest in 2009 to analyze the soil biological properties. The results showed that total organic carbon in 0-20cm soil layer increased by 15.05% and 10.47%, respectively, and chestnut sheath increased by 60.37% and 24.94% and 40-60cm respectively 76.34% and 6.09% respectively. Soil microbial biomass carbon in 0-20cm soil layer increased by 22.17% and 16.46%, respectively, while the increase in 20-40cm was 9.87% and -6.89% respectively, while that in 40-60cm soil layer increased by 54.82% and 23.93% respectively. Chestnut (set) replanting tea and bamboo, the total surface fatty acids increased by 50.25% and 36.69%, respectively, the proportion of bacteria increased, the proportion of actinomycetes decreased, the fungus ratio was the highest tea plantation, followed by chestnut forest, bamboo lowest. Nearly 50 kinds of fatty acids can be detected in soils with high organic matter content, but 38-40 kinds of microbial fatty acids are common to all soils. The principal component analysis and redundancy analysis of 38 fatty acids showed that: (1) The microbial community similarity was high in the three plots of the chestnut forest, while the soil microorganisms were significantly different among the three plots , Indicating that no characteristic flora has formed yet; (2) The main factor affecting the biological properties of microorganisms is the organic matter content. Conclusion: Chestnut (set) replanting tea and bamboo can improve the soil quality, and the tea tree is slightly better than the bamboo, in different regions according to the actual situation can choose one as the transformation mode.