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为了廓清异地保护条件下孑遗濒危植物四合木(Tetraena mongolica)的气候生物学特征、光合生理生态适应性及生境适宜性,应用1971—2011年的地面气象资料进行了不同试验区的气候生物图解与分析,测定了四合木及其伴生种白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)的叶片气体交换参数及光合效率。结果表明:①四合木自然分布区(内蒙古乌海地区)与异地保护区的气候生物学特征存在明显分异;②当年种植的四合木实生苗的生长量大小依次为:乌海四合木核心区实生苗>鄂尔多斯实生苗>阿拉善实生苗;③自然条件下,5个处理的净光合速率(Pn)依次为阿拉善移植的四合木成株(24.05±1.68μmol·m-2·s-1)>乌海客土栽培的四合木(19.97±1.05μmol·m-2·s-1)>乌海栽培的四合木实生苗(18.96±1.04μmol·m-2·s-1)>鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗(16.64±0.92μmol·m-2·s-1)>阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗(16.48±0.13μmol·m-2·s-1);异地保护试验区栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn没有明显差异(p≥0.05),即原生境条件下栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn较高。同时,异地保护栽培四合木实生苗中,鄂尔多斯栽培的四合木实生苗的Pn>阿拉善栽培的四合木实生苗。从四合木光合作用特征中的Pn、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度、气候生物学特征和生长量等综合研究结果可以推断,从原生境区东移的实生苗迁地保护,使四合木具有更高的生理生态适宜性和环境适应性。
In order to clarify the climatic characteristics, photosynthetic ecophysiological adaptability and habitat suitability of Tetraena mongolica, a relict-endangered plant under remote-control conditions, the climatic biological plots of different experimental areas were made using surface meteorological data from 1971 to 2011 And analyzed the leaf gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic efficiency of Tetraena mongolica and its associated species Nitraria tangutorum. The results showed that: (1) There were obvious differences in climatic characteristics among the natural distribution areas of Sihe Mu (Wuhai area, Inner Mongolia) and the remote areas; (2) The growth of Sihe Mu seedlings planted in the current year was: Wuhai Sihe (Pn) of Atrapsia asiatica adults (24.05 ± 1.68μmol · m-2) were significantly higher than that of the control (P <0.05) · S-1)> Tetraena mongolica (18.96 ± 1.04μmol · m-2 · s-1) cultivated in Wuhai soil culture (19.97 ± 1.05μmol · m-2 · s-1) (16.44 ± 0.92μmol · m-2 · s-1)> Arachis planted seedlings (16.48 ± 0.13μmol · m-2 · s-1) cultivated in Erdos, (P> 0.05). That is to say, the Pn of the seedlings of Tetraena mongolica grown under in situ conditions was relatively high. At the same time, in the field to protect the cultivated Sihemiao seedlings, Ordos planted Sihemiao seedlings Pn> Alxa cultivated Sihemiao seedlings. According to the comprehensive research results of Pn, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration, climatic characteristics and growth of photosynthetic characteristics of Tetraena mongolica, it can be inferred that the immigrant seedlings moved eastward from the original habitat, Tetraena has a higher physiological and ecological suitability and environmental adaptability.