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本文从时间和空间两个维度分析苏南常熟湖甸龙舟的整个过程,并从文化人类学的角度解读其背后的意义变迁。从时间上看,湖甸龙舟定在春秋两季,而不是更为普遍流行的端午节期间。在空间上,它并非以“竞渡”的形式出现,而表现为围绕着江南一带历史上与漕运有关的主要神灵李王、千圣小王和孚应昭烈王的温和的水上巡神仪式。每年春秋两度的庆典可以视为湖甸一带村落加强内部凝聚力的仪式。这种仪式是一个社会群体内部某种难以摆脱的重复性行动,是对社会的基本需要而做的象征性的戏剧化表演。
This article analyzes the whole process of the dragon boat in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province from two dimensions of time and space and interprets the meaning changes from the perspective of cultural anthropology. From a time point of view, the Lake Dragon Boat set in the spring and autumn, rather than the more prevalent during the Dragon Boat Festival. In spatiality, it does not appear as a “race”, but rather as a gentle water patrol ceremony centered around the history of Jiangnan, the chief gods associated with water transport, namely, the king of the king, the princes of Thousands, and the king of King Fu. Celebrations twice a year in spring and autumn can be regarded as a ceremony to strengthen the internal cohesion in the villages along Lake Hudian. This ritual is a repetitive act that is difficult to get rid of within a social group and is a symbolic dramatic show of the basic needs of society.