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目的:探讨青少年突发性聋(突聋)的临床特点、疗效及影响预后的因素。方法:对34例(42耳)18岁以下青少年突聋患者进行临床观察。结果:男女患者构成比约为4∶1。约13患者发病前有较明确的病毒感染史。发病时伴眩晕、耳鸣者分别占41.2%及70.6%。初诊时0.25～4kHz平均听力损失中重度(≥56dB)占84.7%,纯音听力曲线全聋型占54.8%、下降型占21.4%。总体疗效为痊愈率4.8%,显效率19.2%,总有效率52.4%。三种治疗方案(类固醇激素,克栓酶,激素+脉络宁)的显效率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。影响预后的因素中,性别、初诊时听力损失程度、纯音听力曲线类型及4kHz听阈能否测出与预后有关,而眩晕和耳鸣对预后的影响不显著。结论:青少年突聋基本符合文献报道的一般性规律,但仍具有自身的一些特点。
Objective: To investigate the clinical features, therapeutic effects and prognostic factors of sudden deafness (sudden deafness) in adolescents. Methods: 34 cases (42 ears) of adolescent sudden deafness under the age of 18 patients were observed. Results: The ratio of male and female patients was about 4: 1. About 13 patients before the onset of a more clear history of viral infection. Patients with vertigo and tinnitus accounted for 41.2% and 70.6% respectively. The average hearing loss of 0.25 ~ 4kHz at the time of first visit was 84.7% with moderate-severe hearing loss (≥56dB), 54.8% with pure hearing loss curve and 21.4% with falling type. The overall curative effect was recovery rate of 4.8%, markedly effective rate of 19.2%, the total effective rate of 52.4%. Three treatment programs (steroid hormone, Ke acantholase, hormone + Mailuoning) markedly effective rate was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Among the factors influencing the prognosis, the gender, the level of hearing loss, the type of pure tone hearing curve and whether the hearing threshold of 4 kHz can be measured were related to prognosis, while the effect of vertigo and tinnitus on prognosis was insignificant. Conclusion: Sudden deafness in adolescents basically accords with the general laws reported in the literature, but still has some of its own characteristics.