论文部分内容阅读
汉语“欧化”既是中国与世界之冲突、融合在语言上的反映,也是中国语言自身现代化发展的必然要求,因此,这个进程始终面临着世界化与民族化的各种张力。近代中国语言的欧化在鸦片战争前后就开始了,不过总体上说,这时语言的欧化还处于不甚自觉的实践层面,而这个实践活动首先是从以古朴、渊雅古文著称的魏源、严复、林纾的译述活动开始的。五四语文运动承接清末民初而来,五四欧化问题也是在前一时期实践基础上的理论深化。在白话是否应该欧化的问题上,五四人采取了实用主义的态度。1930年代的大众语和拉丁化运动中,理论探讨主要解决的是怎样使“资产阶级欧化”向“无产阶级欧化”转变的课题;实践中面临的是如何解决拉丁字在中国大众之中生根发芽的问题。左翼理论家在批判五四语文的资产阶级欧化性质的同时,呼吁建立无产阶级的欧化。1940年代的民族形式论争中,欧化与民族化的紧张是这次论争中的一大焦点。针对借口民间形式否定外来形式的倾向,左翼文艺家指出,包括语言文字在内的欧化现象的出现,并不是欧化主义者的多事,而是中国语言发展的需要,是中国语文现代化的需要。
The “Europeanization” of Chinese is not only a reflection of the conflict between China and the world but also a fusion of languages. It is also an inevitable requirement for the modernization of Chinese language itself. Therefore, this process has always faced various tensions of globalization and nationalization. The Europeanization of modern Chinese language began before and after the Opium War, but generally speaking, the Europeanization of language was still at a less conscious level of practice. This practice was started with Wei Yuan and Kuo Fu Lin Shu’s translation activities began. The May 4th Movement of Language took over from the beginning of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, and the issue of the May 4th Europeanization was also a theoretical deepening based on the practice of the previous period. On the issue of whether the vernacular should be Europeanized, May Fourth adopted a pragmatic attitude. In the popular language and Latinization movement of the 1930s, theoretical discussions mainly addressed the issue of how to shift the “bourgeoisie” to “proletarianization.” In practice, how to solve the problem that the Latin characters take root in the Chinese public The problem. While criticizing the bourgeois Europeanization of the May Fourth Movement, the left-wing theorists called for the establishment of the Europeanization of the proletariat. In the debate on the national form in the 1940s, the tension of Europeanization and nationalization was a major focus of this debate. In view of the tendency of excuses of non-official forms of denial of foreign forms, the left-wing writers and scholars pointed out that the appearance of the Europeanization phenomenon, including the language and writing, is not the multi-event of the Europeanizedists but the need of Chinese language development and the need of Chinese language modernization.